Dataset: Weekly integrated bulk total aerosol trace element concentrations from the Hawaii Aerosol Time-series during January 2022 to October 2023

A high-volume total suspended particle aerosol sampler (Tisch Environmental TE-5170V-BL), installed at Makai Research Pier (21.32° N, 157.67° W) on the eastern side of O'ahu, collected weekly-integrated bulk aerosol samples from January 2022 to October 2023. Makai Research Pier experiences regular northeasterly winds, which were isolated with a sector-control system that powered the sampler during onshore wind conditions at a velocity >0.5 meters per second (m/s). The sampler was fitted with a GEOTRACES-style, custom-made manifold holding 12 acid-washed, 47-millimeter (mm) diameter Whatman-41 filters (e.g. Buck et al., 2019). Filters were acid washed before use to reduce trace element blanks. Sample filters were stored individually in plastic Petri slides at -20 degrees Celsius (°C) until transport to Skidaway Institute of Oceanography for processing and analysis.

Of the 12 filters collected with the aerosol sampler, three filters were reserved for total digestion. The digestion procedure is a three-step process (full details described in Marsay et al., 2022) where the samples were sequentially acidified with concentrated double-distilled nitric acid (d-HNO₃), hydrofluoric acid (Fisher Trace Metal Grade; HF), and hydrogen peroxide (Fisher Optima Grade; H₂O₂), heated to ~140 °C on a hotplate overnight, and then taken to near dryness. A known volume of Rh was added to the first acid-addition step to account for any potential loss of material over the course of the digestion process. Following the final dry-down, samples were brought up in 0.32 M optima HNO₃ and then analyzed for a mix of primarily lithogenic and anthropogenically associated trace elements (including Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn) via quadrupole ICP-MS (Perkin Elmer Nexion 300D). The instrument was operated in standard mode for Al and Ti and reaction gas mode (NH₃) for the remaining elements to reduce polyatomic interferences. The Standard Reference Material NIST 1643f was analyzed with the analytical run to evaluate instrument performance. Filter blanks were digested, analyzed, and subtracted from sample values to correct for any external contributions, while reference materials (Arizona Test Dust and MESS-3) were also processed and analyzed to assess the efficiency of the digestion procedure. Finally, the bulk trace element aerosol concentrations were normalized by dividing the filter concentrations by the volume of air sampled during each respective deployment.